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A vote of confidence in President Evo Morales in the form of a referendum was held in Bolivia on 10 August 2008.〔("Morales 'wins' Bolivia referendum" ), Al Jazeera, August 11, 2008.〕 The vote was held to determine whether Morales, Vice President Álvaro García Linera, and eight out of nine departmental Prefects should stay in office.〔Simon Gardner, ("Morales seen winning Bolivia vote, reforms in air" ), Reuters (''The Washington Post''), August 7, 2008 (accessed August 7, 2008).〕 Morales received more than 67% support and six of the eight prefects were returned. The prefects of Cochabamba Department and La Paz Department were defeated and will now face re-election. ==Background== The referendum was initially suggested by Morales in December 2007, but was rejected by the opposition at the time. However, the opposition-controlled Senate brought back the suggestion following their victory in the Santa Cruz autonomy referendum on 4 May 2008, with Morales agreeing to hold the vote. The recall election would be deemed successful if the percentage voting in favour of the recall exceeded the percentage of voters that originally voted for the person. For Morales and Linera, there would have to be more than 53.74% (their margin in the 2005 presidential election). The same rules apply for the governors, but their margins are between 48% and 38% in La Paz Department which makes their recall much easier to accomplish.〔〔("Morales setzt Referendum über seine Amtsführung an" ), NZZ Online, May 13, 2008.〕 If the recall is successful then fresh elections would be held.〔("Bolivians to hold confidence vote" ), BBC News, May 9, 2008.〕 Morales has stated that if he stays in office, he will use the referendum result as a springboard for more reforms – for instance, setting a date for the constitutional referendum which would grant more rights to Bolivia's poor indigenous population.〔("Morales 'set on Bolivia reforms'" ), BBC News, May 15, 2008〕 If he loses, he said he would go back to farming coca.〔 Polls in May 2008 showed Morales easily defeating the recall.〔("Morales Would Defeat Opponents Again in Bolivia" ), Angus Reid Global Monitor, May 28, 2008.〕 Following autonomy referendums held in the second quarter of 2008 in Santa Cruz, Beni, Pando and Tarija, the governors of these four states initially refused to take part in the recall referendum unless the referendum complied with the new autonomy statutes, which the Supreme Electoral Court considers to be invalid; they pushed for early elections to be held instead.〔("Governors snub Bolivia referendum" ), BBC News, June 24, 2008.〕 Nonetheless, the governors later agreed to participate.〔("Bolivia's opposition governors agree to recall vote" ), Associated Press (''International Herald Tribune''), July 5, 2008.〕 However, there were still obstructive measures from these four departments a few days before the referendum.〔("Maneuvers to Block Referendum Soars in Bolivia" ), Prensa Latina, July 31, 2008.〕 The recall referendum did not apply to the governor of Chuquisaca Department, as Savina Cuéllar was just elected very recently in June 2008.〔http://www.mcentellas.com/archives/2008/07/one_month_to_bolivia_recall_election.html 〕 Cuéllar was a member of the Bolivian Constituent Assembly for Morales' Movement for Socialism, but ran for governorship of Chuquisaca as the candidate of the opposition Interinstitutional Committee Alliance, winning with 55% to MAS' Wálter Valda's 45%.〔(Upside Down World - Politics in Bolivia: Volatile Loyalties, Deep Divisions )〕 The gubernatorial election was held after the previous governor, David Sánchez of MAS, resigned (against the wish of his party) due to violent protests. Shortly before the election, the rules were changed, though the legality of this move remains in doubt; under the new rules, the governors will be removed from office if over 50% of voters recall them, effectively raising the threshold required.〔James Painter, ("Divided Bolivia set for referendum" ), BBC News, August 9, 2008.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bolivian vote of confidence referendum, 2008」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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